Air Traveler's Survival Guide - Will My Airplane Run Out of Fuel?

Have you ever sat on an airplane and wondered ifnecessary the aircraft needs to have an enough fuel
the aircraft has enough fuel to get where you areto fly for an additional forty five minutes.
going? The answer is yes or the flight is not allowedFor an international flight the FAR regulations require
to takeoff.each of the following criteria:
First of all, who determines how much fuel is needed1. Fuel to fly to destination. In other words a
for the flight? For most airlines, who have airplanesDispatcher will either use manual charts or computer
with more than nineteen seats, the answer is ansoftware to determine how much fuel a flight will
Aircraft Dispatcher. This seldom known individual isneed to takeoff or land at the prescribed airports.
responsible to create a flight plan for the pilots thatThese fuel figures known as fuel burns take into
prove a flight has enough fuel to continue based oneffect the aircraft weight, type of engine, and
the legal requirements of the Federal Aviationweather which my effect the flight segment.
Regulations (FAR) which is a subsection of the Code2. Fuel to fly to the most distant alternate. The FAR
of federal regulations (CFR). The Dispatcher himselfregulations require that each flight have an assigned
must have an airmen certificate (license) to completealternate airport if the weather cannot be forecasted
this flight plan. He has to receive a certain amount ofwithin a three hour period of the flights arrival if the
Initial Schooling as well as take a Federal Aviationweather is not good enough so that the pilot can see
Administration(FAA) written and verbal test to qualifythe field over three miles away and the clouds are
to be a dispatcher.not lower than two thousand feet. If multiply
Along with all this the dispatcher must receive annualalternates are listed the Aircraft dispatcher than fuel
schooling from his or her airline to continue toto fly to the most distant of the airports must be
practice. The dispatcher can either use an approvedaccounted for in the required fuel. On flights that are
manual charts to confirm fuel requirements or moreover six hours long an airline must assign an alternate
likely the airline has purchase a computer to computeairport and account for the fuel required.
the fuel required. Either way every flight which3. Fuel to fly for an additional ten percent of the total
departs with passengers must first receive approvaltime Enroute. In other words, however much fuel is
from an Aircraft Dispatcher that the flight hasrequired to get from takeoff to destination an
sufficient fuel to legally takeoff.additional ten percent of this figure is added to the
First, the FAR regulations place flights into threerequired fuel.
categories. A scheduled flight that departs from an4. Fuel to fly for an additional thirty minutes at normal
airport inside the United States or its territories andcruise speed. The FAR requires that after a flight flies
lands in an airport inside the United States or itsto its destination and to the alternate if necessary
territories is called a Domestic Flight. Any scheduledthe aircraft needs to have an enough fuel to fly for
flight that departs from an airport inside the Unitedan additional thirty minutes.
States or its territories and lands in an airport outsideFor supplemental flights you must apply the same
the United States or its territories or vice versa isfuel requirements as domestic and international but
called an International Flight. Any non-scheduled flightthe alternate airport is always required.
both international and domestic is called aWhat happens if my flights pushes away from the
supplemental flight. Each type of flight has its owngate and sits on the taxiway for several hours? How
regulatory requirements.do I know if the plane still has enough fuel to
For a domestic flight the FAR regulations require eachtakeoff? The aforementioned fuel requirements are
of the following criteria:for takeoff. Any fuel needed for taxi must be added
1. Fuel to fly to destination. In other words aon top of the required fuel. If the flight does not
Dispatcher will either use manual charts or computerhave sufficient fuel to meet the regulation shortly
software to determine how much fuel a flight willbefore he takes the runway to depart the flight
need to takeoff or land at the prescribed airports.must return to the gate for additional uplift of fuel.
These fuel figures known as fuel burns take intoMost airlines will add additional fuel to the flight plan to
effect the aircraft weight, type of engine, andaccommodate for a long taxi especially at busier
weather which my effect the flight segment.airports.
2. Fuel to fly to the most distant alternate. The FARWhat happens if some part of the aircraft breaks
regulations require that each flight have an assignedafter we take off will the flight have enough fuel to
alternate airport if the weather cannot be forecastedland. Pilots and aircraft dispatcher have contingency
within a three hour period of the flights arrival if theprocedures for inoperative equipment Enroute that
weather is not good enough so that the pilot can seewill prove whether or not the flight can continue with
the field over three miles away and the clouds areenough fuel despite the mechanical failure. If the Pilot
not lower than two thousand feet. If multiplyand Dispatcher cannot prove the flight will have
alternates are listed the Aircraft dispatcher than fuelenough fuel the regulation requires that the flight
to fly to the most distant of the airports must bereturn to school.
accounted for in the required fuel.As you can see airlines are held to a high standard to
3. Fuel to fly for an additional forty five minutes atensure that they not only have enough fuel to get
normal cruise speed. The FAR requires that after ayou there but have enough fuel for most of the
flight flies to its destination and to the alternate ifmore likely contingencies.