Do I Need a US Passport for Air Travel?

Travel rules, regulations and restrictions have changed 
considerably in the last decade, particularly since theIt is important to note that travelers are not required
terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.  USto carry a US passport for domestic flights.  There
passports are in high demand since they are currentlyis no stipulation regarding domestic air travel in the
a requirement for certain types of travel.  OtherWestern Hemisphere Travel Initiative.  However,
types of travel do not require a US passport, thoughthere is speculation by travel experts and
the rules will be changing again in the coming monthsgovernment groups that one day a US passport may
and years.  If you are planning air travel in the nearbe required even for domestic flights.  This policy
future, you're probably wondering what rules apply towould fall into line with a number of other countries,
you.particularly in Europe and the UK. These countries
 currently require locals and foreigners alike to present
The changes that have occurred in land, sea and aira passport for everything travel related, including
travel regulations have come about as the result ofdomestic air travel and hotel stays.
the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative.  This 
program was launched in 2004 in response to theIt is also important to note that the documentation
drafting of Intelligence Reform and Terrorismrequired for air travel is stricter than the rules for
Prevention Act of 2004.  It was enacted totravel by land and sea.  As of January 31, 2008 land
strengthen the security of US borders withoutand sea travel can be undertaken without a US
making it prohibitive for US citizens and legitimatepassport.  In lieu of a US passport, travelers must
foreign visitors to cross American borders.  Thepresent a legal form of government photo
Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative is a joint effortidentification AND a proof of citizenship document
between the United States, Canada, Mexico,(birth certificate or naturalization certificate.)  Air
Bermuda and the Caribbean region.  The Westerntravelers have been caught in the confusion in the
Hemisphere Travel Initiative dictates a uniformpast few years and some have unfortunately found
standard of documentation which is required bythemselves stranded in airports because they were
every person wishing to enter and leave the areasunaware that air travel requirements differ from
which are covered by this agreement. other types of travel.
  
The Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative has beenThe final stage of the Western Hemisphere Travel
implemented in several stages in order to give theInitiative will take effect in June, 2009.  In
public time to prepare for the changes.  The firstanticipation of this, travel agents and US government
stage to affect air travel was enacted in January ofofficials are urging that all American citizens apply for
2007.  The standard of required documentation fora US passport.  A US passport is the only
air travel has not changed since, though changes toworldwide, universally-accepted form of travel
land and sea travel have occurred in that time. identification.  While Americans will still be able to
According to the Western Hemisphere Travelcross land borders without one after June of 2009, a
Initiative, all foreign air travel (i.e. airplanes leaving theUS passport will speed up the process considerably
United States) requires a US passport both to leaveand make for fewer delays at border crossing
and re-enter the US. stations.